Blog

How long spotting lasts after a smear or HPV sample, what causes it and which symptoms mean you should see a doctor. How it differs from bleeding after a biopsy.

Hormone therapy and breast cancer: who is at risk, how much and with which treatment? Duration of use, type of progestogen, women without a womb and a history of breast cancer.

What does a positive HPV result mean in pregnancy? Risk to the baby, vaginal birth or cesarean, smear and colposcopy in pregnancy, genital warts and the HPV vaccine.

What do "normal", "inflammation" and "reactive changes" mean on a smear report? Sections of the report, atrophy, the transformation zone and when the next smear is due.

What is a recurrent urinary tract infection, why is it common in women and how can it be prevented? Symptoms, diagnosis, menopause, pregnancy and when to see a doctor.

What is an intrauterine device (IUD), how does it work and what are the most common myths about it? Insertion, side effects, who cannot use it and removal.

What is an ovarian cyst, which ones go away on their own, which are only followed up, and when are treatment or urgent care needed? Frequently asked questions.

What are uterine fibroids, which symptoms do they cause, which ones only need follow-up, and when is treatment needed? Medication, interventional and surgical options.

What questions are asked at an annual gynecological check-up, how does the exam go, and when are smear and HPV tests done? Preparation tips and FAQs.

How does recovery after labiaplasty progress? The first days, stitches, daily care, when to return to exercise and intimacy, and when to contact your doctor.

What does the doctor ask at the first labiaplasty consultation, what is assessed on examination, and who is it not recommended for? The process explained step by step.

What is pelvic organ prolapse, what are its symptoms, and when should you see a doctor? Risk factors and treatment options explained.

What is bladder training and how is it used for urge incontinence and overactive bladder? Step-by-step process with a bladder diary, timed voiding, and success rates.

Is there an HPV test for men, should men get the HPV vaccine, and what should a partner do if a woman tests HPV positive? HPV-related cancers in men and vaccine age ranges.

Do you still need a smear or HPV test after HPV vaccination? Which types the vaccine covers, its limits, the screening schedule after vaccination and the ideal age.

What is normal after colposcopy and biopsy, what to look out for, when to contact your doctor and how follow-up is planned according to biopsy results.

What an abnormal smear result means, how ASC-US, LSIL and HSIL differ, the cancer risk and the next steps: HPV testing, colposcopy and biopsy.

What genitourinary syndrome of menopause is, which symptoms it covers, why it happens and what the treatment options are.

How non-surgical laser and radiofrequency methods work for vaginal tightening, how many sessions are needed, the recovery process, and how they differ from surgical vaginoplasty.

How a smear test is done, what helps you feel comfortable during the examination, and what happens next if the result is 'unsatisfactory' or abnormal.

Why menopausal hot flushes happen, how long they last, what makes them worse, and the hormonal and non-hormonal treatment options available.

Why the vagina's inner wall has a folded (rugae) texture instead of being smooth, how childbirth and menopause change it, and when to see a doctor.

What causes the separation felt at the midline of the belly after childbirth (diastasis recti), does it heal on its own, and how to check for it at home. When physiotherapy is needed and which exercises to avoid.

Why does noticeable hair shedding start a few months after giving birth (telogen effluvium), how long does it last, and when does it become permanent. Causes, normal course, and when to see a specialist.

Why does a dark vertical line (linea nigra) appear from the navel down during pregnancy? When it becomes visible, who gets it more noticeably, and whether it fades on its own after delivery.

Does skipping periods with continuous birth control pill use cause blood to build up in the uterus? What the pill-free bleed actually is, and whether continuous use is safe.

Is the G-spot a scientifically confirmed structure or a myth? What the medical literature actually says, the likely anatomical explanation, and why fluid release during orgasm can happen.

Can a condom really stay lost inside the vagina during intercourse, does it come out on its own, when should you see a doctor, and what happens if it's left too long?

How PMS (premenstrual syndrome) differs from PMDD (premenstrual dysphoric disorder) in severity, diagnostic criteria and the right treatment approach.

Why vaginal thrush recurs in some women, what the risk factors are, the part misdiagnosis plays, and what helps to prevent it coming back.

Which colours of discharge on underwear are normal, which need attention, and how discharge naturally changes across the menstrual cycle.

Why bowel movements speed up during a period, what prostaglandins have to do with it, why it varies from woman to woman, and when to see a specialist.

Where the six-week figure comes from, why not feeling ready is entirely normal, what real readiness looks like, and why contraception matters from the start.

The hormonal reason sex can hurt during breastfeeding, why the change is temporary, and what helps — lubricants, local oestrogen, position and gentle hygiene.

The anatomical reason the risk is low, what patient surveys actually report, why temporary changes in sensation are normal, and what reduces the risk.

Where the sound actually comes from, why it has nothing to do with the vagina being loose, and the rare situations in which it is worth seeing a doctor.

Why the body's physical response and the mind's sense of desire do not always match — arousal non-concordance — and why that distinction matters for consent.

Labiaplasty and vaginoplasty target completely different areas. What each procedure actually addresses, and where the confusion between them comes from.

Why shaving before a gynaecological examination has no medical purpose, the risks it carries, and what actually helps you prepare for the appointment.

Why penetration alone is often not enough, what the figures actually show, why this is not a sexual dysfunction, and when an assessment is genuinely warranted.

Why the vagina is elastic, what actually happens during sex, the real causes of a feeling of looseness, and how pelvic floor tone can be supported.

What the evidence actually says about passing urine after sex, what honeymoon cystitis is, and which measures genuinely reduce the risk of urinary infection.

Why gynaecology guidelines advise against soap, douching and perfumed intimate products, the difference between the vulva and the vagina, and what good hygiene actually looks like.

There is no single 'normal' shape or size for the vulva. How common asymmetry actually is, what causes it, and the few situations where an assessment is worthwhile.

Every vagina has a mild natural odour. How to tell a normal scent from a sign of infection, the most common cause, and what daily care actually helps.

How chronically raised cortisol shifts the balance of oestrogen and progesterone, what it does to ovulation and the cycle, and what the functional approach suggests.

How thyroid function affects women's hormones and the menstrual cycle, the signs of an underactive and an overactive thyroid, and when to see a doctor.

What the estrobolome is, how the beta-glucuronidase enzyme affects oestrogen balance, and how gut health relates to menopausal symptoms. A general information page.

Where dermal fillers are used on the face, how long each type lasts, what the risks are and who they are not suitable for.

How botulinum toxin acts on the muscles of facial expression, the areas it is applied to, when the effect starts and how long it lasts, aftercare and possible side effects.

Surgical and energy-based methods for vaginal laxity: who each suits, what recovery involves and what the risks are.

Beyond vaginal dryness and low desire: the anatomical, sensory, psychological and relational changes of the menopause, the options for support, and when to see a doctor.

Hymenoplasty explained: why it is considered, what the evidence actually says about bleeding at first intercourse, aftercare and the risks.

Mesotherapy explained: how the technique works, what it is used for, how many sessions are typically needed, its side effects and who it is not suitable for.

Smear test versus HPV DNA test: what each one measures, from what age and how often screening is done, and what an abnormal or positive result means.

Colposcopy explained: when it is recommended, what happens during the examination, whether it hurts, when a biopsy is taken and how long results take.

Menopause treatment and bioidentical hormone therapy (HRT) explained from current medical guidelines: what the WHI study actually showed, and who benefits.

Stress urinary incontinence: why it develops, how non-surgical Er:YAG laser supports the pelvic floor, and what the procedure involves.

What to expect after genital laser treatment, and the rules on sexual rest, bathing, heat, exercise, clothing, sun protection and pain relief during recovery.

What causes stretch marks (striae), the difference between the early red stage and the later white stage, and the treatments used to improve their appearance.

What an anembryonic pregnancy is, why it happens, what the signs are, how it is diagnosed on ultrasound and which options exist afterwards.

What a diagnostic curettage is, when it is needed for abnormal bleeding or a thickened womb lining, how the procedure is done and what to watch for afterwards.

General information on when the first period comes after a termination, how post-procedure bleeding differs from a period, what to do if the period is late, the chance of a new pregnancy and contraception.

What retained tissue after a miscarriage means, how it is identified, when a further procedure is needed and what to watch for during recovery.

Why bone loss speeds up around the menopause, when it peaks, and what the guidelines say about hormone therapy, calcium and vitamin D, resistance exercise and DEXA scanning.

How long does bleeding last after a termination, and which symptoms are dangerous? Op. Dr. Murat Alpay, obstetrician and gynaecologist in Muratpasa, Antalya, explains.

The transition to the menopause — perimenopause — and its first signs: changes in the cycle, sleep and mood, hot flushes, brain fog and joint pain, explained from current evidence.

Why the skin of the vulva and surrounding area darkens, which of the causes are hormonal or medical, and the clinical methods used to lighten pigmentation.

The four types of urinary incontinence, the risk factors behind them, and the treatment options from pelvic floor exercises through to laser and surgery.

When excessive underarm sweating stops responding to antiperspirants: how botulinum toxin works, whether the procedure hurts, when the effect starts and how long it lasts.

Early menopause and premature ovarian insufficiency: at what age they are diagnosed, the long-term effects on bone, heart and brain, and why treatment differs from menopause at the usual age.

Long-acting reversible methods, hormonal options, barrier methods and permanent sterilisation — how each works, with typical failure rates and their trade-offs.

What a positive HPV result means, why most infections clear on their own, when colposcopy is needed and how cervical screening follow-up is planned.

What genital PRP is, which complaints it is considered for, how the procedure is carried out, what to avoid afterwards and when any effect becomes noticeable.

Why vaginal dryness develops, the symptoms it produces beyond sexual life, and the treatment options — from moisturisers and local oestrogen to laser.

A step-by-step look at treatment for axillary hyperhidrosis: the mapping test, the injection itself, when the effect begins, aftercare and who it is not suitable for.

What causes genital warts, which HPV types are involved, how treatment is planned and what reduces the risk of transmission.

Obstetrician and gynaecologist in Muratpasa, Antalya. Information on the legal time limit for termination of pregnancy (abortion) in Türkiye, spousal consent and medical termination.

How CO2 and Er:YAG laser treatment acts on vaginal tissue, the conditions it is used for, what the procedure involves and who it is not suitable for.

What the HPV vaccine protects against, the ideal age, the catch-up window up to 45, and how many doses are needed depending on the age at which the course starts.

Why the timing of hormone therapy matters — the window of opportunity — and the situations in which bioidentical hormone therapy is not given at all.

Where carbon dioxide laser is used in gynaecology, how long a session takes, how many sessions are usually needed, whether it hurts and what follows the procedure.

Labiaplasty explained: the functional, hygienic and psychological reasons it is considered, the surgical techniques used, anaesthesia options and the recovery timeline.

What bioidentical hormone therapy is, how it differs from the older synthetic hormones, what it helps with in the menopause and who it is not suitable for.

Perimenopause and menopause: the common complaints, the long-term effects on bone and heart, and why waiting for periods to stop before considering treatment costs time.

What causes pain during intercourse (dyspareunia) — dryness, vaginismus, vestibulitis, scarring, skin conditions, endometriosis — and the treatment options available today.

When vaginal discharge is normal and when it may be a sign of infection (bacterial vaginosis, thrush, trichomoniasis); types of discharge by colour and consistency, diagnosis and treatment.

What are the symptoms of the menopause? Hot flushes, sleep problems, weight gain, brain fog and the urinary and vaginal changes — what happens and what helps.

How common cervical cancer is, what causes it, its signs, screening with smear and HPV testing, the HPV vaccine schedule and how treatment is planned.

Why exercise matters in pregnancy, which exercises are done and how, the physiological changes involved, what the studies show and when exercise is not advised.

Nine common beliefs about pregnancy — smoking and alcohol, dental treatment, sex, driving, medication, the glucose test and exercise — and what is actually true.

What the religious position is, what the research on fasting in pregnancy actually shows, who is advised not to fast and when to see a doctor.

How many extra calories are needed in each trimester, what to eat and what to avoid, which vitamins and minerals matter, and a sample daily menu.

Why knowing the exact week of pregnancy matters clinically, why weeks are used rather than months, and how the date is calculated.

What counts as a normal period, when irregular bleeding needs investigating, the causes at each stage of life, and how it is diagnosed and treated.

How HPV is transmitted, who is at risk, what testing shows, the three vaccine types and their dose schedules, and why screening continues after vaccination.

Why weight gain in pregnancy is kept within a recommended range, what the risks are at either extreme, and how body mass index is calculated.

Which vaccines can be given before or during pregnancy, which are not recommended, and what happens if a live vaccine is given by mistake.

Why exhaustion is so common in pregnancy, when it needs a doctor's attention, and what helps.

Why nausea happens in early pregnancy, why its absence is nothing to worry about, when it needs medical attention and what helps.

Why dizziness and faintness are common in pregnancy, the situations that bring them on, when they need urgent attention and what helps.