Should you wash the genital area with soap?
Why gynaecology guidelines advise against soap, douching and perfumed intimate products, the difference between the vulva and the vagina, and what good hygiene actually looks like.
Washing the genital area with soap, douching, or using perfumed "intimate gel" products is not recommended by gynaecology guidelines. The vagina is a self-cleansing organ, and washing it from outside disturbs that natural balance. Here is why, and what good genital hygiene looks like.
The difference between the vulva and the vagina
The external genital area (the vulva) and the internal canal (the vagina) are not the same structure. The vulva is skin, containing hair follicles and oil and sweat glands. The vagina contains no such glands; from puberty onwards, under the influence of oestrogen, beneficial bacteria (lactobacilli) multiply there and keep the environment acidic — a pH between 3.5 and 4.7. That acidity is a natural protective layer preventing harmful microbes from growing.
Why soap and douching are not advised
- The natural bacterial balance is disturbed. Washing inside the vagina with water, soap or an antiseptic solution removes the protective bacteria. That opens the way for harmful bacteria to multiply and for infection — bacterial vaginosis, for instance.
- The pH balance is disturbed. The composition of soaps disrupts the vagina's protective acidity and makes it easier for microbes to grow.
- Risk of irritation and allergic reaction. Soap, perfumed gels, bubble bath and deodorant sprays wear down the protective barrier of the vulval skin and can cause irritation (contact dermatitis) and pain.
What good hygiene looks like
- Warm water and your hand only. Do not use abrasive materials such as sponges or flannels on the vulva; clean with warm water and your hand.
- A soap-free product if one is needed. If a cleansing product is required, choose an unscented, soap-free one that moisturises the skin, and rinse thoroughly.
- Wipe from front to back. Always clean from front to back after using the toilet — from the vagina towards the anus. This prevents bowel bacteria being carried to the vaginal area.
- Dry gently. Do not leave the area wet after washing; dry it gently. A moist environment suits the growth of yeast and bacteria.
- Cotton, comfortable underwear. Choose loose, pure cotton underwear rather than nylon or tight clothing.
Frequently asked questions
Is an intimate gel necessary?
Generally not. The vagina cleans itself; perfumed intimate gels, in trying to mask the natural scent, can cause irritation or an allergic reaction.
Does douching prevent infection?
The opposite: douching increases the risk of infection. Because it removes the protective bacteria, washing inside the vagina is not advised — neither after sex nor as routine hygiene.
See also vaginal discharge.